BYU vs LIU (Mar 09, 2013)



News Box Score

                                The Automated ScoreBook
                                       BYU at LIU
                               Mar 09, 2013 at Clearwater

BYU 2                                         LIU 3

Player                      AB  R  H BI       Player                      AB  R  H BI
---------------------------------------       ---------------------------------------
CLAYTON ss.................  4  1  2  0       CERVANTES lf...............  3  1  2  0
DUCKWORTH lf...............  3  0  0  0       LOPEZ rf...................  2  0  0  0
BRAVO rf...................  4  0  0  0        WEST rf...................  1  0  0  0
MANUMA 1b..................  1  1  1  0       MORIZI ss..................  3  0  1  1
 MILLETT 1b................  0  0  0  0       KAKUSKA c..................  3  1  1  0
SHAMO cf...................  2  0  1  0        WALKER c..................  0  0  0  0
GOAR dh....................  1  0  0  2       TOVEN 3b...................  2  1  1  0
 HICKEN dh.................  1  0  0  0       COSIO 1b...................  2  0  0  0
TAUALI'I 2b................  3  0  0  0        SHIER 1b..................  1  0  0  0
DAVIS c....................  4  0  0  0       ZYMKOWITZ cf...............  3  0  1  0
ROBINSON 3b................  2  0  0  0       ARCHER dh..................  2  0  1  2
HOWELL p...................  0  0  0  0       GREEN 2b...................  1  0  0  0
                                               GOSPODAREK 2b.............  1  0  0  0
                                              WHITE p....................  0  0  0  0
                                                /........................  0  0  0  0
Totals..................... 25  2  4  2       Totals..................... 24  3  7  3

Score by Innings                  R  H  E
-----------------------------------------
BYU................. 200 000 0 -  2  4  0
LIU................. 020 010 X -  3  7  2
-----------------------------------------

E - WEST; GREEN. LOB - BYU 12; LIU 4. 2B - MANUMA; CERVANTES. 3B - ARCHER. SH -
DUCKWORTH; GOAR. SB - CLAYTON; MILLETT.

BYU                            IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP BK HP IBB  AB BF  FO GO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOWELL ....................   6.0  7  3  3  1  3   1  0  0  0   24 25  11  3

LIU                            IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP BK HP IBB  AB BF  FO GO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
WHITE .....................   0.2  1  2  0  2  0   0  0  0  0    3  6   1  1
ARCHER  W,1-0..............   6.1  3  0  0  6  9   0  0  0  0   22 29   8  2

WP - HOWELL.

Strikeouts - CLAYTON; DUCKWORTH; HICKEN; TAUALI'I; DAVIS 3; ROBINSON 2; LOPEZ;
COSIO; ARCHER. Walks - MANUMA 3; SHAMO 2; GOAR; TAUALI'I; ROBINSON; TOVEN.

Umpires -
Start: 11:45am   Time: 2:15   Attendance: 20

Game: LIU22


Box Score

                            The Automated ScoreBook
                                   BYU at LIU
                           Mar 09, 2013 at Clearwater

BYU 2

Player                    AB  R  H RBI BB SO PO  A LOB
------------------------------------------------------
CLAYTON ss...............  4  1  2  0   0  1  0  0   0
DUCKWORTH lf.............  3  0  0  0   0  1  4  0   1
BRAVO rf.................  4  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   2
MANUMA 1b................  1  1  1  0   3  0  4  0   0
 MILLETT 1b..............  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
SHAMO cf.................  2  0  1  0   2  0  3  0   0
GOAR dh..................  1  0  0  2   1  0  0  0   0
 HICKEN dh...............  1  0  0  0   0  1  0  0   0
TAUALI'I 2b..............  3  0  0  0   1  1  0  2   4
DAVIS c..................  4  0  0  0   0  3  3  0   5
ROBINSON 3b..............  2  0  0  0   1  2  3  1   0
HOWELL p.................  0  0  0  0   0  0  1  1   0
Totals................... 25  2  4  2   8  9 18  4  12

LIU 3

Player                    AB  R  H RBI BB SO PO  A LOB
------------------------------------------------------
CERVANTES lf.............  3  1  2  0   0  0  1  0   0
LOPEZ rf.................  2  0  0  0   0  1  0  0   0
 WEST rf.................  1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
MORIZI ss................  3  0  1  1   0  0  1  0   0
KAKUSKA c................  3  1  1  0   0  0  9  1   1
 WALKER c................  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
TOVEN 3b.................  2  1  1  0   1  0  3  1   0
COSIO 1b.................  2  0  0  0   0  1  4  0   0
 SHIER 1b................  1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
ZYMKOWITZ cf.............  3  0  1  0   0  0  2  0   0
ARCHER dh................  2  0  1  2   0  1  0  0   2
GREEN 2b.................  1  0  0  0   0  0  1  0   1
 GOSPODAREK 2b...........  1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
WHITE p..................  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
  /......................  0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0
Totals................... 24  3  7  3   1  3 21  2   4

Score by Innings                  R  H  E
-----------------------------------------
BYU................. 200 000 0 -  2  4  0
LIU................. 020 010 X -  3  7  2
-----------------------------------------

E - WEST; GREEN. LOB - BYU 12; LIU 4. 2B - MANUMA; CERVANTES. 3B - ARCHER.
SH - DUCKWORTH; GOAR. SB - CLAYTON; MILLETT.

BYU                    IP  H  R ER BB SO AB BF
-----------------------------------------------
HOWELL..............  6.0  7  3  3  1  3 24 25

LIU                    IP  H  R ER BB SO AB BF
-----------------------------------------------
WHITE...............  0.2  1  2  0  2  0  3  6
ARCHER..............  6.1  3  0  0  6  9 22 29

Win - ARCHER (1-0).  Loss - None.  Save - None.
WP - HOWELL.
Umpires -
Start: 11:45am   Time: 2:15   Attendance: 20
Game: LIU22


Composite Box Score

                                    The Automated ScoreBook
                                BYU at LIU - Composite Box Score
                                   Mar 09, 2013 at Clearwater

                                     BYU 2

Player            AB  R  H BI  2B 3B HR BB  SB CS HP SH SF SO IBB KL GDP  PO  A  E
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLAYTON ss         4  1  2  0   0  0  0  0   1  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   0  0  0
DUCKWORTH lf       3  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  1  0  1   0  1   0   4  0  0
BRAVO rf           4  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
MANUMA 1b          1  1  1  0   1  0  0  3   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   4  0  0
MILLETT 1b         0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   1  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
SHAMO cf           2  0  1  0   0  0  0  2   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   3  0  0
GOAR dh            1  0  0  2   0  0  0  1   0  0  0  1  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
HICKEN dh          1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   0  0  0
TAUALI'I 2b        3  0  0  0   0  0  0  1   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   0  2  0
DAVIS c            4  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  3   0  2   0   3  0  0
ROBINSON 3b        2  0  0  0   0  0  0  1   0  0  0  0  0  2   0  0   0   3  1  0
HOWELL p           0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   1  1  0
Totals......      25  2  4  2   1  0  0  8   2  0  0  2  0  9   0  3   0  18  4  0

                                     LIU 3

Player            AB  R  H BI  2B 3B HR BB  SB CS HP SH SF SO IBB KL GDP  PO  A  E
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CERVANTES lf       3  1  2  0   1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   1  0  0
LOPEZ rf           2  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  1   0   0  0  0
WEST rf            1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  1
MORIZI ss          3  0  1  1   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   1  0  0
KAKUSKA c          3  1  1  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   9  1  0
WALKER c           0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
TOVEN 3b           2  1  1  0   0  0  0  1   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   3  1  0
COSIO 1b           2  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  1   0   4  0  0
SHIER 1b           1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
ZYMKOWITZ cf       3  0  1  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   2  0  0
ARCHER dh          2  0  1  2   0  1  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  1   0  0   0   0  0  0
GREEN 2b           1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   1  0  1
GOSPODAREK 2b      1  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
WHITE p            0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
 /                 0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0  0  0   0  0   0   0  0  0
Totals......      24  3  7  3   1  1  0  1   0  0  0  0  0  3   0  2   0  21  2  2

BYU                    IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP HB BK IBB SH SF CI  2B 3B HR  AB BF  FO GO
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOWELL                6.0  7  3  3  1  3   1  0  0  0   0  0  0   1  1  0  24 25  11  3

LIU                    IP  H  R ER BB SO  WP HB BK IBB SH SF CI  2B 3B HR  AB BF  FO GO
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WHITE                 0.2  1  2  0  2  0   0  0  0  0   1  0  0   0  0  0   3  6   1  1
ARCHER  W,1-0         6.1  3  0  0  6  9   0  0  0  0   1  0  0   1  0  0  22 29   8  2

Umpires -
Start: 11:45am   Time: 2:15   Attendance: 20

Game: LIU22


Play-by-Play

                            The Automated ScoreBook
                           BYU at LIU - Play-by-Play
                           Mar 09, 2013 at Clearwater


Score by Innings                  R  H  E
-----------------------------------------
BYU................. 200 000 0 -  2  4  0
LIU................. 020 010 X -  3  7  2
-----------------------------------------

BYU starters: 16/ss CLAYTON; 3/lf DUCKWORTH; 2/rf BRAVO; 31/1b MANUMA; 5/cf
SHAMO; 24/dh GOAR; 25/2b TAUALI'I; 9/c DAVIS; 4/3b ROBINSON; 11/p HOWELL;
LIU starters: 2/lf CERVANTES; 14/rf LOPEZ; 1/ss MORIZI; 19/c KAKUSKA; 36/3b
TOVEN; 9/1b COSIO; 10/cf ZYMKOWITZ; 12/dh ARCHER; 5/2b GREEN; 6/p WHITE;

BYU 1st - CLAYTON singled to center field. DUCKWORTH grounded out to 3b,
SAC; CLAYTON advanced to second. BRAVO flied out to 3b. MANUMA walked. SHAMO
walked; MANUMA advanced to second; CLAYTON advanced to third. GOAR reached on
an error by 2b, 2 RBI; SHAMO advanced to second; MANUMA scored, unearned;
CLAYTON scored, unearned. ARCHER to p.  /  for WHITE. TAUALI'I struck out
swinging. 2 runs, 1 hit, 1 error, 2 LOB.

LIU 1st - CERVANTES grounded out to 2b. LOPEZ struck out looking. MORIZI
flied out to lf. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

BYU 2nd - DAVIS struck out looking. ROBINSON walked. CLAYTON singled to
third base; ROBINSON advanced to second. DUCKWORTH flied out to 3b. BRAVO flied
out to 2b. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB.

LIU 2nd - KAKUSKA singled to left field. KAKUSKA advanced to second on a
wild pitch. TOVEN walked. COSIO struck out looking. ZYMKOWITZ flied out to 3b.
ARCHER tripled to left field, 2 RBI; TOVEN scored; KAKUSKA scored. GREEN flied
out to cf. 2 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

BYU 3rd - MANUMA doubled to right field. SHAMO walked. GOAR grounded out
to c, SAC; SHAMO advanced to second; MANUMA advanced to third. TAUALI'I flied
out to ss. DAVIS struck out swinging. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB.

LIU 3rd - CERVANTES singled to center field. HICKEN to dh for GOAR.
LOPEZ flied out to 3b. MORIZI flied out to p; CERVANTES out at first p to 1b.
0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

BYU 4th - ROBINSON struck out swinging. CLAYTON struck out swinging.
DUCKWORTH struck out looking. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

LIU 4th - KAKUSKA flied out to lf. TOVEN singled to left field. COSIO
flied out to 3b. ZYMKOWITZ singled to left field; TOVEN advanced to second.
ARCHER struck out swinging. 0 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB.

BYU 5th - BRAVO lined out to cf. MANUMA walked. SHAMO singled to left
field; MANUMA advanced to second. HICKEN struck out swinging. TAUALI'I flied
out to lf. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB.

LIU 5th - GOSPODAREK to 2b for GREEN. GOSPODAREK grounded out to 3b.
CERVANTES doubled to center field. WEST to rf for LOPEZ. WEST grounded out to
2b; CERVANTES advanced to third. MORIZI singled to right field, RBI; CERVANTES
scored. KAKUSKA flied out to lf. 1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

BYU 6th - GREEN to 2b for GOSPODAREK. DAVIS flied out to cf. ROBINSON
struck out swinging. CLAYTON reached on an error by rf. CLAYTON stole second.
DUCKWORTH flied out to 3b. 0 runs, 0 hits, 1 error, 1 LOB.

LIU 6th - TOVEN flied out to cf. SHIER to 1b for COSIO. SHIER flied out
to cf. ZYMKOWITZ flied out to lf. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

BYU 7th - COSIO to 1b for SHIER. BRAVO grounded out to 1b unassisted.
MANUMA walked. MILLETT to 1b for MANUMA. WALKER to c for KAKUSKA. SHAMO flied
out to 1b. GOAR to dh for HICKEN. GOAR walked; MILLETT stole second. KAKUSKA to
c for WALKER. TAUALI'I walked; GOAR advanced to second; MILLETT advanced to
third. DAVIS struck out looking. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 3 LOB.

Plate appearance breakdown


                                                      The Automated ScoreBook
                                              BYU at LIU - Plate Appearance Breakdown
                                                     Mar 09, 2013 at Clearwater

                                                               BYU 2

                  ----Plate appearances---   vs    vs   RBI   With  Adv   With  Lead Bases Runnr Rnrs Rnrs 2out  Gnd  Fly
BYU               TPA AB  H BB HP SH SF CI  Left Right  Ops  Runrs  Ops  2outs  Off%  Full On3rd  Adv  LOB  RBI  Out  Out
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLAYTON ss........  4  4  2  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   2-4   0-0   1-1   1-1   0-1   1-1   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
DUCKWORTH lf......  4  3  0  0  0  1  0  0  0-0   0-3   0-2   0-2   1-3   0-2   0-0   0-0   0-0     1    1    0    1    2
BRAVO rf..........  4  4  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-4   0-2   0-2   0-2   0-1   0-2   0-0   0-0     0    2    0    1    3
MANUMA 1b.........  4  1  1  3  0  0  0  0  0-0   1-1   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   1-1   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
MILLETT 1b........  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
SHAMO cf..........  4  2  1  2  0  0  0  0  0-0   1-2   0-0   1-2   2-3   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    1
GOAR dh...........  3  1  0  1  0  1  0  0  0-0   0-1   0-1   0-1   3-3   0-1   0-0   0-1   0-0     2    0    2    1    0
HICKEN dh.........  1  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-1   0-1   0-1   0-1   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
TAUALI'I 2b.......  4  3  0  1  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-3   0-3   0-3   1-4   0-2   0-0   0-0   0-1     0    4    0    0    2
DAVIS c...........  4  4  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-4   0-2   0-2   0-2   0-2   0-2   0-1   0-0     0    5    0    0    1
ROBINSON 3b.......  3  2  0  1  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-2   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-1   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
HOWELL p..........  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0   0-0     0    0    0    0    0
Totals............ 35 25  4  8  0  2  0  0  0-0   4-25  0-11  2-14  8-19  0-9   2-7   0-2   0-1     3   12    2    3    9

                     ------Batters faced-----                     vs    vs   With  With  Lead  Gnd  Fly
BYU                   BF AB  H BB HP SH SF CI 2B 3B HR WP BK KL  Left Right Runrs 2outs  Off%  Out  Out
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOWELL..............  25 24  7  1  0  0  0  0  1  1  0  1  0  2  3-6   4-18  3-12  3-8   2-6     3   11


The Automated ScoreBook BYU at LIU - Plate Appearance Breakdown Mar 09, 2013 at Clearwater LIU 3 ----Plate appearances--- vs vs RBI With Adv With Lead Bases Runnr Rnrs Rnrs 2out Gnd Fly LIU TPA AB H BB HP SH SF CI Left Right Ops Runrs Ops 2outs Off% Full On3rd Adv LOB RBI Out Out ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CERVANTES lf...... 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 2-3 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 1-2 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 1 0 LOPEZ rf.......... 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-2 0-0 0-1 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 1 WEST rf........... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-1 0-1 0-1 1-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 1 0 0 1 0 MORIZI ss......... 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 1-3 1-1 1-2 1-2 1-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 1 0 2 KAKUSKA c......... 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 1-3 0-0 0-1 0-1 0-1 1-2 0-0 0-0 0 1 0 0 2 WALKER c.......... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 TOVEN 3b.......... 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0-0 1-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 1 COSIO 1b.......... 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 1 SHIER 1b.......... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 1 ZYMKOWITZ cf...... 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 1-3 0-1 1-2 1-2 1-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 2 ARCHER dh......... 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 2 2 0 0 GREEN 2b.......... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 1 0 0 1 GOSPODAREK 2b..... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-1 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 1 0 WHITE p........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 /................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals............ 25 24 7 1 0 0 0 0 0-0 7-24 2-7 3-12 4-12 3-8 2-6 0-0 0-0 1 4 3 3 11 ------Batters faced----- vs vs With With Lead Gnd Fly LIU BF AB H BB HP SH SF CI 2B 3B HR WP BK KL Left Right Runrs 2outs Off% Out Out ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WHITE............... 6 3 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1-3 0-0 0-2 0-1 1-1 1 1 ARCHER.............. 29 22 3 6 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 2-9 1-13 2-12 0-8 1-6 2 8

Howe report

Game number LIU22

LIU 3, BYU 2 (Mar 09, 2013 at Clearwater)

Time: 2:15      Attendance: 20  DH number: 1




Visitor batting - BYU

                   AB  R  H TB 2B 3B HR   RBI CI SH SF HP   BB IB SO   SB CS GDP  PO  A  E DP    PB SBA CSB CIC

Totals......     - 25  2  4  5  1  0  0     2  0  2  0  0    8  0  9    2  0  0   18  4  0  0     0   0   0  0


Visitor pitching - BYU

                   IP  H AB TBF R ER HR   CI SH SF HB   BB IB SO   WP BK    GS  GF  CG SHO CBO

HOWELL            6.0  7 24 25  3  3                     1     3    1        1       1
Totals......      6.0  7 24 25  3  3  0    0  0  0  0    1  0  3    1  0     1   0   1   0   0

Game: LIU22

Game number LIU22 LIU 3, BYU 2 (Mar 09, 2013 at Clearwater) Home batting - LIU AB R H TB 2B 3B HR RBI CI SH SF HP BB IB SO SB CS GDP PO A E DP PB SBA CSB CIC Totals...... - 24 3 7 10 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 21 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 Home pitching - LIU IP H AB TBF R ER HR CI SH SF HB BB IB SO WP BK GS GF CG SHO CBO WHITE 0.2 1 3 6 2 1 2 1 ARCHER W 6.1 3 22 29 1 6 9 1 Totals...... 7.0 4 25 35 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 8 0 9 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Box Proof - BYU Box Proof - LIU R 2 AB 25 R 3 AB 24 LOB 12 BB 8 LOB 4 BB 1 PO 21 SH 2 DP: 0 PO 18 SH 0 DP: 0 SF 0 SF 0 HBP 0 HBP 0 CI 0 CI 0 -- -- -- -- 35 35 25 25 Score by Innings R H E ----------------------------------------- BYU................. 200 000 0 - 2 4 0 LIU................. 020 010 X - 3 7 2 -----------------------------------------